Kakaretso:Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo le lecha la lilemo, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea lisebelisoa tsa indasteri ea nickel le tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea indasteri e ncha ea matla, mokhoa oa lefats'e oa indasteri ea nickel o bile le liphetoho tse kholo, 'me likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa Chaena li phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ho holiseng. phetoho ea mokhoa oa lefats'e oa indasteri ea nickel. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e boetse e entse litlatsetso tse ikhethang ts'ireletsong ea phepelo ea nickel ea lefats'e.
Hlompha 'Maraka' me U Hlomphe 'Maraka - - Mokhoa oa ho Ntlafatsa Tšireletseho ea Chelete ea Phepelo ea Nickel ea Chaena ho tsoa ho "Ketsahalo ea Bokamoso ba Nickel"
Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo le lecha la lilemo, ka tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea lisebelisoa tsa indasteri ea nickel le nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri e ncha ea matla, mokhoa oa lefats'e oa indasteri ea nickel o bile le liphetoho tse kholo, 'me likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa China li phethile karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea mokhoa oa lefats'e oa indasteri ea nickel. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e boetse e entse litlatsetso tse ikhethang ts'ireletsong ea phepelo ea nickel ea lefats'e. Empa theko ea bokamoso ba nickel ea London ka Hlakubele selemong sena e nyolohile ka 248% e neng e e-so ka e bonoa ka matsatsi a mabeli, e bakang ts'enyehelo e mpe ho lik'hamphani tsa 'nete ho kenyeletsoa le China. Ho fihlela sena, ho tloha liphetohong tsa mokhoa oa indasteri ea nickel lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho kopantsoe le "ketsahalo ea bokamoso ba nickel", mongoli o bua ka mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa tšireletso ea ketane ea phepelo ea nickel ea Chaena.
Liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa lefats'e oa indasteri ea nickel
Mabapi le tekanyo ea tšebeliso, tšebeliso ea nickel e eketsehile ka potlako, 'me Chaena ke eona e kenyang letsoho tšebelisong ea nickel lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Lekala la Indasteri ea Nickel la Mokhatlo oa China oa Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, ka 2021, tšebeliso ea nickel ea mantlha lefatšeng ka bophara e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.76, e leng keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 15.9% le makhetlo a 1.5 ho sebelisoa ka 2001. bona, ka 2021, tšebeliso ea nickel e tala ea China e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.542, selemo le selemo. keketseho ea 14%, makhetlo a 18 ho sebelisoa ka 2001, 'me karolo ea tšebeliso ea lefats'e e eketsehile ho tloha 4.5% ka 2001 ho ea ho 56% ea hona joale. Ho ka boleloa hore 90% ea keketseho ea tšebeliso ea nickel lefatšeng ka bophara ho tloha qalong ea lekholo le lecha la lilemo e tsoa Chaena.
Ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa tšebeliso, tšebeliso ea tšepe e sa hloekang ha e le hantle e tsitsitse, 'me karolo ea nickel e sebelisoang tšimong ea betri e ntse e eketseha. Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng, lekala le lecha la matla le etella pele kholo ea tšebeliso ea mantlha ea nickel lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ka 2001, mohahong oa tšebeliso ea nickel oa Chaena, nickel bakeng sa tšepe e sa hloekang e ne e le karolo ea 70%, nickel bakeng sa electroplating e ne e le 15%, 'me nickel bakeng sa libeteri e ne e le 5%. Ka 2021, karolo ea nickel e sebelisoang ka tšepe e sa hloekang tšebelisong ea nickel ea Chaena e tla ba hoo e ka bang 74%; karolo ea nickel e sebelisoang ka libeteri e tla nyolohela ho 15%; karolo ea nickel e sebelisoang ho electroplating e tla theohela ho 5%. Ha ho mohla ho kileng ha bonoa hore ha indasteri e ncha ea matla e kena tseleng e potlakileng, tlhokahalo ea nickel e tla eketseha, 'me karolo ea libeteri mohahong oa tšebeliso e tla eketseha le ho feta.
Ho latela pono ea mokhoa oa phepelo ea lisebelisoa tse tala, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa nickel li fetotsoe ho tloha ho nickel sulfide ore haholo-holo ho ea ho lateite nickel ore le nickel sulfide ore tse laoloang ka kopanelo. Lisebelisoa tsa khale tsa nickel e ne e le ore ea nickel sulfide e nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa lefats'e, 'me mehloli ea nickel sulfide e ne e tsepamisitsoe haholo Australia, Canada, Russia, China le linaheng tse ling, e leng karolo ea ho feta 50% ea kakaretso ea lichelete tsa lefats'e tsa nickel ka nako eo. Ho tloha qalong ea lekholo le lecha la lilemo, ka ts'ebeliso le ts'ehetso ea theknoloji ea laterite nickel ore-nickel-iron Chaena, li-latterite nickel ore Indonesia le Philippines li 'nile tsa ntlafatsoa le ho sebelisoa ka tekanyo e kholo. Ka 2021, Indonesia e tla ba sehlahisi se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa nickel lefatšeng, e leng phello ea motsoako oa theknoloji ea Chaena, motse-moholo le lisebelisoa tsa Indonesia. Tšebelisano pakeng tsa China le Indonesia e entse tlatsetso ea bohlokoa katlehong le botsitsong tsa phepelo ea nickel lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ho ea ka pono ea sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, lihlahisoa tsa nickel tšimong ea potoloho li ntse li tsoela pele ho lebisa ho mefuta-futa. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Lekala la Indasteri ea Nickel, ka 2001, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea mantlha ea nickel, nickel e hloekisitsoeng e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa boemo bo ka sehloohong, ho phaella moo, karolo e nyenyane e ne e le nickel ferronickel le letsoai la nickel; ka 2021, tlhahisong ea lefats'e ea mantlha ea nickel, tlhahiso ea nickel e hloekisitsoeng e theohetse ho 33%, athe karolo ea NPI (nickel pig iron) tlhahiso e nang le nickel e nyolohetse ho 50%, le nickel-aron ea setso le nickel. matsoai a etsa 17%. Ho lebelletsoe hore ka 2025, karolo ea nickel e hloekisitsoeng tlhahisong ea lefats'e ea mantlha ea nickel e tla fokotseha le ho feta. Ho feta moo, ho latela pono ea sebopeho sa sehlahisoa sa mantlha sa nickel sa China, hoo e ka bang 63% ea lihlahisoa ke NPI (nickel pig iron), hoo e ka bang 25% ea lihlahisoa ke nickel e hloekisitsoeng, 'me hoo e ka bang 12% ea lihlahisoa ke letsoai la nickel.
Ho latela maikutlo a liphetoho mekhatlong ea limmaraka, likhoebo tsa poraefete li fetohile matla a mantlha a phepelo ea nickel naheng ea China esita le lefats'e. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse tsoang Lekala la Indasteri ea Nickel, har'a lithane tse 677,000 tsa tlhahiso ea nickel ea mantlha Chaena ka 2021, likhoebo tse hlano tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ho kenyeletsoa Shandong Xinhai, Qingshan Industry, Delong Nickel, Tangshan Kaiyuan, Suqian Xiangxiang, le Guangxi Yinyi, li hlahisitse pele. nikele. e ka bang 62.8%. Haholo-holo mabapi le sebopeho sa indasteri ea mose ho maoatle, likhoebo tsa poraefete li nka karolo e fetang 75% ea likhoebo tse nang le matsete a mose ho maoatle, 'me ketane e felletseng ea liindasteri tsa nts'etsopele ea merafo ea nickel-nickel-iron-stainless steel e thehiloe Indonesia.
"Ketsahalo ea bokamoso ba nickel" e na le tšusumetso e kholo 'marakeng
Litšusumetso le mathata a pepesitsoe
Taba ea pele, theko ea bokamoso ba LME nickel e ile ea phahama ka matla ho tloha ka la 7 Hlakubele ho isa ho la 8 Hlakubele, ka keketseho e kholo ea 248% matsatsing a 2, e lebisitseng ka kotloloho ho emisoa ha 'maraka oa bokamoso ba LME le ho phahama le ho oa ho tsoelang pele ha Shanghai nickel ho Shanghai Futures. Phapanyetsano. Theko ea bokamoso ha e lahleheloe feela ke bohlokoa ba eona ba theko, empa e boetse e baka litšitiso le mathata bakeng sa likhoebo ho reka thepa e tala le hedging. E boetse e sitisa tlhahiso le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea nickel holimo le tlase ho noka, ho baka tšenyo e tebileng ho nickel ea lefats'e le mekhatlo e amanang le eona holimo le tlaase.
Ea bobeli ke hore "ketsahalo ea bokamoso ba nickel" ke sephetho sa khaello ea tlhokomeliso ea taolo ea likotsi tsa khoebo, khaello ea tjantjello ea khoebo ea 'maraka oa bokamoso ba lichelete, mokhoa o sa lekaneng oa taolo ea kotsi ea' maraka oa bokamoso ba LME, le ho phahama ha liphetoho tsa lipolotiki. . Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka pono ea lintlha tsa ka hare, ketsahalo ena e pepesitse bothata ba hore 'maraka oa morao-rao oa bophirimela o hole haholo le libaka tsa tlhahiso le lisebelisoa, ha o khone ho finyella litlhoko tsa indasteri ea sebele,' me tsoelo-pele ea lihlahisoa tsa nickel ha e e-s'o bolokehe. ka ntshetsopele le liphetoho tsa indasteri. Hajoale, moruo o tsoetseng pele joalo ka Bophirimela ha se bareki ba bangata ba litšepe tse se nang ferrous kapa bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong. Le hoja moralo oa polokelo o le lefatšeng lohle, boholo ba libaka tsa polokelo ea likou le lik'hamphani tsa polokelo li laoloa ke bahoebi ba khale ba Europe. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la khaello ea mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho laola kotsi, Ho na le likotsi tse patiloeng ha lik'hamphani tsa mekhatlo li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa bokamoso. Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea bokamoso ba lihlahisoa tsa nickel ha e e-s'o bolokehe, e leng se ekelitseng likotsi tsa khoebo tsa lik'hamphani tse amanang le lihlahisoa tsa nickel ha li kenya ts'ebetsong ho boloka boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Mabapi le Ntlafatso ea Phepelo ea Nickel ea Chaena
Likhothatso tse ling tse tsoang ho Mathata a Tšireletseho
Ntlha ea pele, khomarela monahano oa motheo 'me u nke bohato ba ho thibela le ho laola likotsi. Indasteri ea tšepe e se nang ferrous e na le litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng tsa ho rekisa, machaba le lichelete. Ka hona, likhoebo tsa indasteri li lokela ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea thibelo ea likotsi, ho theha monahano oa mantlha, le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea likotsi. Likhoebo li tlameha ho hlompha 'maraka, ho tšaba 'maraka, le ho laola tšebetso ea tsona. Likhoebo tse "tsoang" li tlameha ho tloaelana ka botlalo le melao ea mebaraka ea machabeng, ho etsa meralo ea ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso, le ho qoba ho tsongoa le ho khangoa ke lichelete tse inahaneloang tsa mose ho maoatle. Likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa China li lokela ho ithuta ho tsoa ho boiphihlelo le lithuto.
Ea bobeli ke ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya bokamoso ba nickel ba China le ho ntlafatsa matla a litheko tsa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa China. "Ketsahalo ea bokamoso ba nickel" e totobatsa bohlokoa le ho potlaka ha ho khothalletsa ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa machaba tsa bokamoso bo amehang ba tšepe e se nang ferrous, haholo-holo mabapi le ho potlakisa ho phahamisa lipoleiti tsa machaba tsa aluminium, nickel, zinki le mefuta e meng. Tlas'a moralo oa boemo bo holimo, haeba naha ea lisebelisuoa e ka amohela mokhoa oa ho reka thepa le theko ea thekiso e shebaneng le 'maraka oa "sethala sa machaba, phano e tlamahano, thekiso ea theko ea letlooa le mokhatlo oa RMB", e ke ke ea theha setšoantšo sa China sa mmaraka o tiileng. - khoebo e shebaneng le eona, empa hape e ntlafatsa bokhoni ba litheko tsa thepa e ngata ea China. E ka boela ea fokotsa kotsi ea ho thibela likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ke China mose ho maoatle. Ho feta moo, hoa hlokahala ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le liphetoho tsa indasteri ea nickel, le ho matlafatsa temo ea mefuta ea bokamoso e tsoang ho nickel.
Mabapi le Ntlafatso ea Phepelo ea Nickel ea Chaena
Likhothatso tse ling tse tsoang ho Mathata a Tšireletseho
Ntlha ea pele, khomarela monahano oa motheo 'me u nke bohato ba ho thibela le ho laola likotsi. Indasteri ea tšepe e se nang ferrous e na le litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng tsa ho rekisa, machaba le lichelete. Ka hona, likhoebo tsa indasteri li lokela ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea thibelo ea likotsi, ho theha monahano oa mantlha, le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea likotsi. Likhoebo li tlameha ho hlompha 'maraka, ho tšaba 'maraka, le ho laola tšebetso ea tsona. Likhoebo tse "tsoang" li tlameha ho tloaelana ka botlalo le melao ea mebaraka ea machabeng, ho etsa meralo ea ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso, le ho qoba ho tsongoa le ho khangoa ke lichelete tse inahaneloang tsa mose ho maoatle. Likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa China li lokela ho ithuta ho tsoa ho boiphihlelo le lithuto.
Ea bobeli ke ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya bokamoso ba nickel ba China le ho ntlafatsa matla a litheko tsa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa China. "Ketsahalo ea bokamoso ba nickel" e totobatsa bohlokoa le ho potlaka ha ho khothalletsa ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa machaba tsa bokamoso bo amehang ba tšepe e se nang ferrous, haholo-holo mabapi le Khothatso ea lipoleiti tsa machaba tsa aluminium, nickel, zinki le mefuta e meng e ntse e eketseha. Tlas'a moralo oa boemo bo holimo, haeba naha ea lisebelisuoa e ka amohela mokhoa oa ho reka thepa le theko ea thekiso e shebaneng le 'maraka oa "sethala sa machaba, phano e tlamahano, thekiso ea theko ea letlooa le mokhatlo oa RMB", e ke ke ea theha setšoantšo sa China sa mmaraka o tiileng. - khoebo e shebaneng le eona, empa hape e ntlafatsa bokhoni ba litheko tsa thepa e ngata ea China. E ka boela ea fokotsa kotsi ea ho thibela likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ke China mose ho maoatle. Ho feta moo, hoa hlokahala ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso mabapi le liphetoho tsa indasteri ea nickel, le ho matlafatsa temo ea mefuta ea bokamoso e tsoang ho nickel.
Nako ea poso: Apr-12-2022